If you have already settled your personal injury case but later realize your injuries were worse than expected or new evidence emerges, you may wonder whether the case can be reopened. In some rare situations, it is possible. Here is how and when that might happen and why it is so complicated.

What Happens Once You Settle

When you settle a personal injury claim, you usually sign a release of liability. That means you agree to give up any further claims against the at fault party for that incident. Once the settlement is paid and the release is signed, the case is ordinarily considered permanently closed.

Still, there are limited exceptions under which courts will permit reopening a case. These are not common, but when significant injustice or error is present, the legal system may allow another look.

Grounds That May Allow Reopening

Here are the main legal bases by which a court might reconsider a settled personal injury case

New Evidence or Testimony
If evidence emerges after settlement such as a new witness or medical test showing more serious injury than previously known it may support reopening. The new proof, however, must be substantial and could not reasonably have been discovered earlier with due diligence.

Fraud or Misrepresentation
If one side deliberately concealed or misrepresented facts that affected the case outcome such as hiding insurance information or doctor records a court may agree to set aside the settlement as unjust.

Mutual Mistake
If both parties wrongly believed a key fact when making the agreement for example neither realized how severe the injuries would become the settlement may be vulnerable to revision.

Significant Change in the Plaintiff’s Circumstances
If your condition worsens dramatically after the settlement and that worsening was unforeseeable this can sometimes justify reopening the case although courts are reluctant because settlements are meant to create finality.

Procedural or Legal Errors
Mistakes in the court process such as misapplication of law, failure to consider relevant evidence, or attorney error may open a path to challenge the judgment or settlement.

Newly Discovered Liability
In some instances, new information may show that a third party not included in the original settlement shares responsibility. Rather than reopening the original case, you may file a new claim against that newly liable party.

Time Limits and Statutes of Limitation

Timing is critical. The ability to reopen or appeal is subject to strict deadlines set by statute.

The statute of limitations for personal injury claims limits how long you may bring new lawsuits, usually starting from the injury date. Once that time passes, you may lose the right to argue or file anything new.
When appealing a court judgment, there is a very narrow window to file a notice of appeal. Missing that window can forever foreclose the appeal opportunity.

Because rules vary by state, you must act quickly and understand which deadlines apply in your jurisdiction.

Steps to Try to Reopen a Case

If you believe your settled injury case meets one of the exceptional criteria, here is how to proceed.

Review the Settlement or Judgment
Carefully analyze the original agreement to identify whether there were misrepresentations, omitted facts, or procedural flaws.

Determine Your Legal Basis
Establish which exception such as fraud, mistake, or new evidence might apply to your situation.

Check Deadlines
Ensure that you are still within the applicable time period to file a motion, appeal, or new claim.

File the Appropriate Motion or Appeal
Depending on the situation, this may involve a motion to set aside the judgment or settlement or filing an appeal if the error is legal in nature. In some cases, you might need to initiate a new lawsuit against a newly discovered defendant.

Work With an Experienced Attorney
Because reopening a case is legally complex and strongly contested by opposing parties and insurers, competent legal advocacy is essential. An attorney can gather evidence, comply with procedural requirements, and present a compelling argument.

The Role of Maximum Medical Improvement (MMI)

One major reason people try to revisit their case is that their medical condition later proves worse than expected. This is why reaching Maximum Medical Improvement before settling is crucial. MMI is the point at which further recovery is not expected. Settling before MMI can leave you vulnerable to underestimating future medical needs and may strengthen the argument that reopening is justified, but it also complicates your legal position.

Understanding MMI and making informed decisions before settlement helps protect you from being undercompensated.